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제 19 호 Meaningful Time in Europe

Kicker: WORLD Meaningful Time in Europe by Si-ho Park, Reporter pnshse05@naver.com With the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have begun to travel abroad again. In fact, the reservation rate of travel products of Yellow Balloon, a Korean travel agency, in the second quarter of this year increased more than 1,200% and 13 times compared to the same period last year-on-year. Compared to 2019, before COVID-19, it has recovered by about 80%. Especially, traveling to Europe has been considered as a dream of many college students since the past. So, in this article, I brought information about European travel destinations to help you plan your trip. The European countries to be introduced are France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Paris, France France is located in the western part of the continent, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and is the third largest country in Europe.The capital is Paris and the official language is French. France's most famous structure, the Eiffel Tower, was built in 1889 as a symbol of the Paris International Exposition, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Next, the Arc de Triomphe is a huge arch located in the middle of Charles de Gaulle Square, at the western end of the Champs-Élysées Street in Paris, France. The Triumphal Arch was built in honor of the dead in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, under which the names of all French victors and commanders in the war were embossed. Lastly, the Louvre Museum is one of the world’s leading museums, also called the heart of Paris. It is designated as a World Heritage Site, including around the Seine River in Paris. The solemn building in the form of a “c” holds a transparent glass pyramid as if it were a gem. It is famous for including in its collection the Mona Lisa, and is called one of the three major museums in France, along with the Musée d'Orsay and the Orangeries. Munich, Germany Germany is a country in central Europe. After World War II, it was divided into West and East Germany in 1949 and unified in 1990. The capital is Berlin, and the official language is German. Germany has a history of being ruled by the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1945. The Dachau concentration camp was first opened in Germany as a concentration camp in Nazi Germany. Munich Regional Police Commissioner Heinrich Himmler officially described the camp as "the first concentration camp for political prisoners." Another travel destination in Munich is the Knippenberg Palace. The Palace of Knippenberg is a summer annex of the former Bavarian kingdom of Wittelsbach, located in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, Germany. Praha, Czech Republic The Czech Republic, located in central Europe, became independent of Germany after World War II. Lidice in the Czech Republic used to be a slaughterhouse in the Second World War. The Lidice Massacre was a massacre by Nazi Germany in Lidice, located in the Bohemian Morava Protectorate in June 1942 during World War II. The most famous tourist attraction in Prague, Prague Castle, has existed since the early history of Prague, and it is a symbol of Prague and the Czech Republic. The kings of the Bohemia and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire ruled here, and now the presidential residence of the Czech Republic is located here. Interlaken, Switzerland Switzerland is a country in central Europe, the capital is Bern, and four European languages are used together as official languages. Switzerland is very famous for its beautiful natural scenery. Interlaken is a city in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, which means "between lakes" in German. Many tourists flock to Jungfrau because it is the base of mountain climbing. It goes up to Jungfrau via Interlaken East Station. Jungfrau is one of the main peaks of the Bern Alps in Switzerland and has an elevation of 4,158 m above sea level. European countries have a lot of meaningful history and many places to look around. However, the conflict over equality has recently ignited in France due to immigration discrimination, thus leading to huge protests. Therefore, France is not safe recently, so it is better to make travel plans after looking at the national atmosphere. I hope this information will help you plan your trip. Have an enjoyable trip! Sources: https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20230713_0002374843&cID=13001&pID=13000 https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/the-monument/universal-exhibition https://www.paris-arc-de-triomphe.fr/en/discover https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/dachau https://www.lidice-memorial.cz/en/ https://www.myswitzerland.com/en/destinations/interlaken/

• 작성일 2023-08-10
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 18 호 26th ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers’ and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting

Kicker: WORLD 26th ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers’ and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting by Si-ho Park, Cub-reporter pnshse05@naver.com East Asian countries - some ASEAN countries and other three countries of Korea, Japan, and China - are cooperating through the community of ASEAN+3. The 26th ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers’ and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting was held on May 2nd, 2023. At the meeting, the global economic situation, and the direction that Asian countries should take were comprehensively dealt with. Therefore, by understanding the contents of this meeting, we will be able to understand the international economy in general. About ASEAN+3 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Cambodia. They established ASEAN in 1967 to promote regional economic development and peace. ASEAN Plus Three (APT) consists of ten ASEAN Member States and the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, and Japan. The APT Cooperation process began in December 1997 and since then has evolved as the main vehicle to promote East Asian Cooperation towards the long-term goal of building an East Asian Community, with ASEAN as the driving force. The APT has become one of the most comprehensive cooperation frameworks in the region, and APT cooperation continues to be broadened and deepened in a wide range of areas, including political-security, trade and investment, finance, energy, tourism, agriculture and forestry, environment, education, health, culture and arts, and others. The 26th ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers’ and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting The meeting was held on May 2, 2023, in person for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. All member countries’ finance ministers and central bank governors were gathered, and the president of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Director of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO), the Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN Secretariat, and the Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were also present at the meeting. They exchanged views on current developments and the outlook for the global and regional economies, as well as policy responses to risks and challenges. The ASEAN+3 financial cooperation has played an increasingly essential role in supporting regional economies to address risks and challenges. https://aseanplusthree.asean.org Recent Economic and Financial Developments in the Region The ASEAN+3 economies grew by 3.2 percent in 2022, despite the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict which escalated into a crisis. The inflation rate rose to a record high worldwide, and the recent banking sector turmoil in the US and Europe has also brought chaos to the global economy. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has triggered tighter financial conditions, in addition to supply chain disruptions and higher global commodity prices. As uncertainty in the economic situation increases due to the various crisis situations, regional cooperation has been more emphasized recently. They also had a discussion to utilize the key emerging sectors such as the green and digital economies, and promote strong, resilient, and sustainable financial growth. They found the need to collaborate towards a strong and inclusive recovery and make continued progress for sustainable development, to make stronger, greener, more resilient, and better balanced global development. The meeting affirmed the strong commitment to the open, free, and fair trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core. The member countries supported an enhanced regional economic integration and the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement. ASEAN+3 finance ministers and central bank governors also decided to strengthen regional cooperationthrough the future direction of the Regional Financial Agreement (RFA), the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM), and the Regional Macroeconomic Research Organization (AMRO). Amid the recent world situation, which has seen various rapid changes and increased uncertainty, we should reconsider the need for regional cooperation. In particular, cooperation in the ASEAN region, where growth is significant, will be more emphasized. The ASEAN+3 is expected to grow by 4.6 percent in 2023, with strong domestic demand and the economic recovery from COVID-19. I also hope this article to be an opportunity for you to think about the direction of future cooperation. Sources: https://aseanplusthree.asean.org https://n.news.naver.com/article/001/0013917725?sid=104 http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=113982 https://n.news.naver.com/article/008/0004882522?sid=101 https://n.news.naver.com/article/277/0005253766?sid=101

• 작성일 2023-05-29
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 17 호 Easing of China’s Quarantine Policy

Kicker: WORLD Easing of China’s Quarantine Policy By Jun-Seo Park, Cub-reporter from23juns@naver.com China abolished the “Zero-COVID” policy, which has been thoroughly maintained for the past three years and eased quarantine with ‘With-Corona’. Why is China rapidly easing its quarantine policy? “Zero-COVID” is a policy that prevents the spread of COVID-19 through intensive regulations, such as implementing lockdown measures. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, China has stuck to its strong Zero-COVID policy by blocking areas where confirmed cases occurred. Developed countries such as Korea, the United States, and EU have almost regained their daily lives, if not collective immunity, since late 2021. In this respect, China’s policy of excessively suppressing individual freedom has proven to have clear limitation. Eventually, people’s livelihoods collapsed, and protests spread. And it made the Chinese government discard Zero-COVID and ease quarantine policy. Therefore, China’s “With-Corona” will have lots of influence on the world economy. Impact of Zero-COVID China has stuck to its Zero-COVID policy for the past three years. The zero-corona policy is to make China’s COVID-19 confirmed cases zero, and accordingly, if even one confirmed case occurs, that area was blocked and residents were quarantined. China is called the world’s factory because it is the world’s largest supplier of intermediate goods*. Also, China trades with many countries around the world. As China adhered to Zero-COVID policy, it continued to block major ports and production facilities for a long period. Thus, the global supply chain has worsened significantly. A lockdown had been placed on an important part of China’s economy, and in the aftermath, growth rates of other countries were lowered and inflation has become steep. If the supply chain worsens, companies will not be able to receive necessary components on time. This is because the supply of raw materials is insufficient compared with demand. Thus, PPI** rise, and CPI*** rise accordingly. When prices rise, central banks in each country try to stabilize prices. However, supply-induced inflation does not fall easily just because interest rates are raised. Since what can be controlled by rise of interest rate is not inflation from supply, but inflation from demand. With prices rising sharply, FED**** has been raising interest rates at a very rapid pace. As interest rates rose, asset prices fell because discount rate on asset prices increased. Surely, this phenomenon cannot be attributed to China’s Zero-COVID. This phenomenon is attributed to a number of complex factors, including the Russia-Ukraine war. * intermediate goods: goods used to produce other goods in production process such as raw material ** PPI: abbreviation of Producer Price Index, cost of an enterprise such as cost of raw materials ***CPI: abbreviation of Consumer Price Index, indicating price fluctuations of consumer goods and services purchased by households to lead consumer life. ****FED: abbreviation of Federal Reserve System, United States central bank system that carries out the country’s monetary and financial policies Abolition of Zero-COVID Policy, Beginning of With-Corona The Chinese government, which has maintained a high intensity quarantine policy, has faced limitations. The Chinese people could not freely go to restaurants and convenience stores, and jobs were also difficult to find. As people’s freedom was suppressed and people’s complaints increased, the white paper protest against the Zero-COVID policy began in November 2022. In this situation, the core content of Zero-COVID, which caused many complaints from the Chinese people, was discarded. China’s White paper protest The Positive Impact of Abolishing the Zero-COVID Policy China’s economy may be temporarily hit as the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in China is likely to increase right now. However, in the long term, if China’s economy recovers vitality through reopening*, it will have a positive impact on the Korean economy. In terms of international trade, if the global supply chain recovers, it will play a positive role in falling prices and logistics costs will fall as cheap Chinese products are traded. Furthermore, workers will move actively, then labor costs will fall. These are also expected to help stabilize global inflation by offsetting inflationary pressure caused by increased consumption. *reopening: resumption of economic activity The Negative Impact of Abolishing the Zero-COVID Policy However, there are not only good aspects. The global energy supply chain has fluctuated due to the Russia-Ukraine war last year. Not only did Russia natural gas supplied to Europe decrease, but crude oil was also sanctioned. Demand for energy exports from countries other than Russia was bound to increase. Amid the faltering energy supply chain, China’s full-fledged economic activities have provided an opportunity to trigger energy inflation. This means that domestic electricity and gas rates are more likely to rise further. China is currently increasing uncertainty in the global energy supply chain. China had implemented intensive quarantine measures and did not engage in more economic activities than necessary. Recently, it is interpreted that China’s energy demand could increase by easing the level of quarantine and informing full-fledged economic activities. Since it has not been long since the Zero-COVID policy was abolished, it seems difficult to accurately predict whether the positive or negative impact will be greater on the global economy, including Korea. As China abandons its long-held Zero-COVID policy and enters a new phase, it will be interesting to see how the global economy flows. Sources: https://post.naver.com/viewer/postView.naver?volumeNo=34806736&memberNo=28192866&vType=VERTICAL https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=3434317&cid=58456&categoryId=58456 https://www.munhwa.com/news/view.html?no=2023020901030630000001 http://www.m-i.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=986337 https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20230109001152530?input=1195m Image sources: https://asiasociety.org/korea/jelo-kolona-zero-covid-jeongchaegeulo-wigie-mollin-junggug https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/international_general/1071010.html

• 작성일 2023-02-19
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제 17 호 NEOM Project: Will Future Cities Come True?

Kicker: WORLD NEOM Project: Will Future Cities Come True? by Si-ho Park, Cub-reporter pnshse05@naver.com How will the city change in the future? It might be run on 100% green energy and build on a huge scale in the desert or in the ocean. An imaginary city that seems unrealistic may come true. Saudi Arabia has a specific plan for this future city. It is called the “NEOM city.” Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman envisioned it, as he laid its foundations to be the future, an agent of progress and change. The NEOM city project is a mega project with a total cost of $500 billion. Crown Prince Bin Salman expressed his plan to create a special industrial, residential, and tourism zone in the future to change the oil-oriented Saudi economy. With Saudi Crown Prince Bin Salman’s visit to Korea on November 17 last year, the NEOM city project is drawing more attention in Korea. What is NEOM? The name “NEOM” is a combination of “Neo,” which means new in Greek, and the first letter “M” of “Mustaqbal,” which means the future in Arabic. The site is about 26,500 square kilometers, about 44 times the size of Seoul, and is currently expected to cost $500 billion. As such, NEOM city is an ambitious project on a very large scale. NEOM city is envisioned to be powered solely by renewable energy, such as solar power and green hydrogen.Saudi Arabia aims to become the world’s largest hydrogen exporter, with an annual production capacity of 4 million tons by 2030.Saudi Arabia also wants NEOM city to be the smartest city in the world, powered by a 5G network infrastructure with cutting-edge technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, robotics, and big data-based machine learning. The NEOM city project includes a total of four cities, including “Sindalah,” “The Line,” “Trojena,” and “Oxagon.” “Sindalah” is a luxury island destination in the Red Sea. It is a representative resort in Saudi Arabia with a pleasant climate in all four seasons. You can enjoy various water sports such as snorkeling, water skiing, and scuba diving. It is planned to build various accommodation facilities and yacht anchorage here. “The Line” is a vertical city with a width of 200m, a height of 500m and a length of 170km that can accommodate up to 9 million people. Mirror walls will be built on both sides of the city, which is planned to allow visitors to feel the natural environment wherever they look. As a city that emphasizes eco-friendliness, The Line will be the world’s first city powered by renewable energy such as wind power, solar heat, and hydrogen. Unlike traditional cities that used to focus on transportation and infrastructure, The Line is designed to focus on people’s well-being and health. The Line’s schematic diagram (https://www.NEOM.com/en-us) “Trozena” is a mountain tourism complex and plans to organize various contents. Saudi Arabia’s first outdoor ski resort and artificial lake are planned to be built, making it the venue for the 2029 Asian Games. Finally, “Oxagon” is an octagonal industrial complex built on the sea. The plan is to operate with 100% clean energy and create 70,000 jobs. In addition, as Oxagon will be built near the Suez Canal, 13% of the world’s trade volume will go through Oxagon. Saudi Arabia plans to foster industries that will take responsibility for the country’s future through Oxagon. The schematic diagram of the Oxagon (https://www.NEOM.com/en-us) Domestic Participating Companies In Korea, many companies are also participating in the NEOM city construction, including Samsung C&T, Hyundai, Naver, KT, and Korea Electric Power Corporation. Samsung C&T, along with Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., has won a $1 billion order to build The Line underground high-speed railway tunnels. When Crown Prince Bin Salman visited Korea last time, he signed MOUs on green hydrogen and modular areas. An official from Samsung C&T said, “NEOM city related business orders will continue to expand.” Hyundai Rotem drew attention when it was selected as one of the six major companies that signed MOUs directly with the Saudi government during Crown Prince Bin Salman’s visit to Korea. Hyundai Rotem is expected to cooperate with Saudi Arabia Railways in the NEOM city railway sector in a 2.5 trillion won project. Hyundai Motor Group also won orders for infrastructure projects with Hyundai Engineering & Construction at the forefront, while Hyundai Modis and Hyundai Motor are competing for orders with self-driving, smart logistics, and urban aviation mobility technologies. Controversy: Feasibility, Environmental Degradation, and Labor Exploitation Meanwhile, there are many concerns and criticisms about the NEOM project.First, it is about feasibility and environmental degradation. In the opinion of architects, Neom City has pointed out that it is unconventional, with no geographical or environmental consideration. In the case of the mirror city of The Line, the sun will not reach the lower floors of the building, and the construction of the terrace on each floor will also be difficult. It is also predicted that the overall cost will more than double the plan. The concern is that the environmental conditions of the desert are poor for construction work and could lead to higher costs. Another point of the architects is that Neom City is a city built to use eco-friendly energy, but it rather causes environmental damage. Korean architect Yoo Hyun-joon, the representative of the “Hyunjoon Yoo Architects”, said that a 170-kilometer straight city is almost cutting off the ecosystem in his own YouTube channel. Criticism of workers' human rights violations has also been raised. The city-building workers in Saudi Arabia often borrow to pay large recruiter fees and find themselves before their first day of work in debt, which they spend the first few years of their employment simply paying off. Under the exploitative sponsorship system known as kafala, migrant workers often have their passports confiscated by employers who subsequently exercise veto power over their workers’ decisions to change jobs or even leave the country. Working conditions for construction workers are often particularly brutal, with long work hours on dangerous work sites in boiling hot temperatures. Saudi Arabia will have to ensure workers' rights and improve the working environment. Envisioned as a model and sustainable city, NEOM will be neither unless it is undergirded by sustainable labor and respect for workers’ rights. The Neom City project leaves us with room for thought in various areas, including future cities, the environment, and human rights. We should look at this and think about how we should deal with the coming future and what the right way to protect the environment or guarantee human rights is. Sources: https://www.NEOM.com/en-us https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/11/16/business/industry/korea-NEOM-saudi/20221116162813517.html https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/saudi-arabia-the-line-city-scli-intl/index.html https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/opinions/saudi-arabia-neom-workers-eisner-qadri/index.html https://www.womaneconomy.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=214122

• 작성일 2023-02-19
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 16 호 Economic Conflicts in Great Britain

Kicker: WORLD (British Economy) Economic Conflicts in the United Kingdom The Resignation of the British Prime Minister Yeong-Jin Choi, Editor pch39067@gmail.com Do you know the issue that the newly designated* Prime Minister of UK, Liz Truss, the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government of UK, has resigned her job only after 45 days? Normally, the Prime Ministers are elected in a five-year term. This implies that Liz Truss’s early resignation had its critical reason to do so. Before deeply illustrating how and why Liz Truss has resigned, I believe it would be more helpful to know about the form of UK’s government first. What is special about the government of UK is that it is both parliamentary* and monarchy*. The government of UK, also called as His Majesty’s Government, is the central executive authority of UK and Northern Ireland. The government is led by the Prime Minister who selects all the other ministers. The king of UK does not govern the country but stands as a symbol of the royal family in the UK. The Prime Minister, a de facto head of the government, and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet*. As a person who holds so much authority who guides the law-making process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party and so on, it is barely understandable for the Prime Ministers to step down the position before completing their term. Therefore, in this article, I would like to share how former Prime Minister Liz Truss initiated a massive negative impact on the British economy, and the new government’s way of reversing Truss’s idiotic economic policies. *Designate: To choose someone officially to do a particular job. *Parliament: In some countries, the group of usually elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country. *Monarchy: The system of having a king or queen. *Cabinet: A small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and make important decisions. Mistakes the Former Prime Minister Made Liz Truss, the former Prime Minister of UK has tried to push through an aggressive tax cutting policy in her first days. With inflation soaring and markets on edge, her policies were severely criticized that it was simply the worst timing to initiate such policies. Truss argued that an urgent action had been required to grow the economy, despite market turmoil since they were announced in mid-September. Truss added that she was prepared to do what it takes to make that happen and show that she was willing to take the criticism and risk to go through her financial policies on budget cuts. The motivation of her so-called “Kamikaze*” policy was because UK was facing a very serious situation, a global crisis which has been brought about by the aftermath of COVID-19 and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A former Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng highlighted the prime minister’s main message. He said that they are sticking to the growth plan and are going to help people with energy bills. However, the economy of UK did not turn out to be optimistic. On September 23, Truss looked on as Kwarteng, her Chancellor of the Exchequer*, put forward a mini budget that would cut taxes on top earners, remove a cap on bankers’ bonuses, and cancel a planned corporate-tax hike. Almost everyone, except a few wealthy people, opposed her policies. They thought tax cuts for millionaires was unreasonable when Middle Britain, the normal working-class of UK, struggled with high energy bills, rampant inflation, and rising mortgage costs. This resulted in the value of their nation’s currency, pound, to plummet, and to make the Bank of England to interfere and stabilize the British economy. After her misled policies, Truss admitted that she made a mistake and was forced into U-turn on tax only after a week of market turmoil*, reversing a cut to the highest rate of income tax that helped spark turmoil in financial markets and a rebellion in her party. While the pound has recovered from its depths, government bonds have mostly failed to recoup the historic losses incurred from the mini budget, along with the exception of long-dated debt which is subject to Bank of England support. Investors, economists, and critics say that the reversal of Truss’s budget cuts was a step in the right direction, but the government needs to go further than that. *Kamikaze: A sudden violent attack on an enemy, especially one in which the person or people attacking know that they will be killed. *Chancellor of the Exchequer: The person in the UK government who is responsible for deciding tax levels and how much money the government can spend. *Turmoil: A state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder. Efforts to Undo Truss’s Financial Policies Jeremy Hunt, Chancellor of Exchequer To undo Truss’s work, Britain’s new finance minister Jeremy Hunt scrapped former Prime Minister Liz Truss’s economic plan. Hunt told to the parliament, “We are a country that funds our promises and pays our debts”. Under the new policy, most of Truss’s 45 billion pounds of unfunded tax cuts will go and the two-year energy subsidy scheme for households and businesses is expected to cost well over 100 billion pounds, which will be curtailed* in April. “No government can control markets. But every government can give certainty about the sustainability of public finances, and that is one of factors that influences how markets behave. And for that reason, although the Prime Minister (Lis Truss) and I are both committed to cutting corporation tax.” Hunt said, during his speech. He also pointed out that the British government will first, reverse almost all the tax measures announced in the growth plans, second, to cut the basic rate of income tax to 19 percent from April 2023, and last but not least, to guarantee energy price as it is the biggest single expense in the Growth Plan. “And I remain extremely confident about the U.K.’s long-term economic prospects, as we deliver our mission to go for growth. But growth requires confidence and stability. And UK will always pay its way.” Hunt added. *Curtail: To stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something. What citizens expect from their government is to initiate policies that are beneficial to the majority of the people, not promoting policies that seem irrelevant. Governments that promote policies that only privileges the few are based on injustice. To push ahead a certain policy and reverse it both takes a lot of time and money, and I most sincerely hope that this does not happen in our country. Sources: https://url.kr/itv7ap https://url.kr/vkojf9 https://url.kr/qrynt5 https://url.kr/8iakem https://url.kr/o49zc8 https://url.kr/m75941

• 작성일 2022-11-30
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 16 호 Valuable Asset for Out Future: UNESCO Global Geoparks

Kicker: WORLD Valuable Asset for Out Future: UNESCO Global Geoparks By Da-Hwee Kim, Editor-in-chief elfnme@naver.com What do you think of when you think of UNESCO? Yes, many people will think of World Heritage Sites first. However, among those designated by UNESCO, there are some that are as important as World Heritage Sites. It is Global Geoparks. In this article, I would like to introduce a variety of information about Global Geoparks, a concept that is unfamiliar to many people. Shall we begin? https://en.unesco.org/global-geoparks What are UNESCO Global Geoparks? A UNESCO Global Geopark is a single, unified geographical area where attractions and landscapes of global geological value are managed with the concepts of protection, education, and sustainable development. UNESCO's Geopark work first began in 2001. In 2004, 17 geoparks in Europe and 8 geoparks in China came together at UNESCO headquarters in Paris to form the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) (link is external). It is a global network of exchange and cooperation. On 17 November 2015, UNESCO's 195 Member States ratified the creation of a new name, UNESCO Global Geoparks, at the 38th UNESCO General Assembly. This represents the recognition of the importance of holistic management of outstanding geological sites and landscapes. Approach for the UGGp UNESCO Global Geoparks actively encourage local communities and residents to participate in geoparks as stakeholders. Bottom-up approaches that combine conservation and sustainable development, particularly involving local communities (eg landowners, community groups, tourism providers, indigenous and local groups), are becoming increasingly popular. Its main goal is to meet the social and economic needs of local residents through partnerships with local communities, while at the same time protecting the natural landscape in which they live and preserving their cultural identity. How many Global Geoparks are there? There are currently 177 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 46 countries. China is the country that has the largest number of Global Geoparks. One interesting fact is that there are not yet UGGps in the USA. In South Korea, four sites (Jeju Island, Cheongsong, Mudeungsan Area, and Hantan River) have been certified as UNESCO Global Geoparks.https://geopark.gwangju.go.kr/ How to become a geopark Actually, any country can apply for a UNESCO Global Geopark. However, there are four fundamental features to a UNESCO Global Geopark: Geological heritage of international value, management, visibility, and networking. These features are an absolute prerequisite for an area to become a UNESCO Global Geopark. Before making an official application, UNESCO Global Geopark aspirants must submit a letter of intent through official channels as specified in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Act and Operational Guidelines. UNESCO also provides a checklist to guide them through preparing the application file, so the aspirants should make sure that they meet the criteria before applying. As with all procedures, this designation process is quite complex. It is hard to list them all here, but here is a quick summary: Preparation before sending a candidature -> Sending the application -> Evaluation mission -> Decision process Once a UGGp, always a UGGp? Do you think that once designated as UGGp, that status will last forever? If you thought so, you are mistaken. After four years of receiving this designation, UNESCO Global Geoparks undergo a thorough review of the function and quality of each UNESCO Global Geopark during the recertification process. As part of the revalidation process, UNESCO Global Geoparks under review are required to prepare progress reports, and two evaluators will be on-site to revalidate the quality of UNESCO Global Geoparks. If a UNESCO Global Geopark continues to meet the criteria according to the site assessment report, the site will remain a UNESCO Global Geopark for an additional four years (the so-called "Green Card"). If the district no longer meets the criteria, the governing body is notified to take appropriate action within two years (a so-called “yellow card”). If a UNESCO Global Geopark does not meet the criteria within two years of receiving its 'yellow card', it will, unfortunately, lose its status as a UNESCO Global Geopark (so-called 'red card'). Significance of UGGp The MDGs (The Millennium Development Goals) had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000. In 2015, its implementation target deadline had expired. As a result, governments needed to continue working towards the goal and address new challenges. Therefore, at the 70th UN General Assembly in 2015, the agenda was decided to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. These are the 17 common goals of humankind to realize the ideology of sustainable development. In the SDGs, the UN sets out 17 goals and 169 directions for humanity to move forward in the five areas of human, earth, prosperity, peace, and partnership with the slogan of 'Leave no one behind'. The environment plays a huge role here, and UNESCO Global Geoparks have great significance in this regard. This is because they promote respect for the environment and the integrity of the landscape while promoting sustainable use and necessity. After reading the article, I hope you know a little bit about UGGp. If you want to know more, it would be nice to visit the official website: (https://en.unesco.org/global-geoparks). Sources: https://en.unesco.org/global-geoparks https://geopark.gwangju.go.kr/ https://www.koreageoparks.kr/topublic/geoDefine/unescoGeoPark.do?menuNo=538 https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml

• 작성일 2022-11-30
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제 15 호 Will There Be a No Smoking Generation?

Kicker: WORLD Will There Be a No Smoking Generation? by Ji-Min Baek, Cub-reporter pjm5875@naver.com In order to prevent the next generation from smoking, New Zealand will introduce a so-called ‘no smoking law’ that prohibits people born after 2009 from buying cigarettes even when they become an adult. If the law finally passes the parliament, 51 years later, in 2073, New Zealanders under the age of 65 will not be able to legally purchase cigarettes, making them a non-smoking generation. As such, New Zealand aims to make non-smoking areas throughout New Zealand within the next four years by implementing regulations that make smoking difficult. Background to New Zealand's Smoke Free Initiation The smoking rate in New Zealand has decreased every year, falling from 18% in 2008 to 11.6% in 2018. However, Maori and Polynesian residents, who are native New Zealanders, show relatively high smoking rates at 29% and 18%, respectively. It is also well known. Apparently, smoking is one of the big health threats. Various toxic substances and carcinogens in cigarettes enter the lungs through cigarette smoke and damage all cells and organs in our body. In addition, it acts directly on the gums and bronchial tubes, causing chronic inflammation. This smoking poses a huge risk to health. In response, New Zealand's Vice Health Minister Ayesha Verrall pointed out that New Zealand was imposing more restrictions on sandwich sales than tobacco sales. He also explained the purpose of the bill, saying, "Our main purpose of introducing the law is to protect precious people such as the people, families, and local communities." A Series of Smoke Free Introductions from Other Countries In the UK, in order to lower the smoking rate, the government is pushing to gradually increase the age of tobacco purchases by one year every year and eventually ban them completely. According to a new policy recommendation report, the age of cigarettes to be purchased is raised by one year every year from the current 18 and finally banned altogether. By 2030, the country plans to reduce the smoking rate to less than 5 percent and make it a non-smoking society. Malaysia is promoting a bill banning tobacco sales to people born after a certain point in time. The Malaysian government is reviewing the bill to reduce future generations' exposure to smoking as smoking is the main cause of cancer. If passed, all tobacco-related products, including regular cigarettes and electronic cigarettes, will be banned from being sold to people born after 2005. Similarly, Denmark is considering banning the sale of tobacco and tobacco-related products to anyone born after 2010. A Voice of Concern Despite these initiatives, there are concerns that the black market is prevalent and causes illegal transactions. There are also criticisms that it will add to the economic burden of low-income people who smoke. In addition to banning tobacco purchases for creating a smoking-free society, New Zealand also includes a decrease in nicotine content, a decrease in cigarette retailers, and an expansion of the budget for tobacco addiction services.A professor at the University of Auckland, a public health expert, said, "The government's plan, especially allowing the sale of cigarettes with lower nicotine content, is the first in the world," adding, "It will lead the world in terms of health." Following New Zealand's first effort to create a smoking cessation generation, it is better to pay attention to the global trend at a time when other countries are also participating. Sources: https://www.theguru.co.kr/news/article.html?no=38730 https://biz.chosun.com/international/international_general/2022/06/09/7WP2T55WPNEQVDEUTS6H2BUNTA/?utm_source=naver&utm_medium=original&utm_campaign=biz https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2022072717000004012?did=NA https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20211209_0001682223&cID=10101&pID=10100

• 작성일 2022-08-31
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제 15 호 Türkiye: Sudden, Yet Fresh New Nametag Fixed for Turkey

Kicker : WORLD Türkiye: Sudden, Yet Fresh New Nametag Fixed for Turkey Unclear Intention Hiding Beneath the Sudden Name Swap Do-Hyuk Kim, Reporter ndapple0921@gmail.com The word ‘turkey’ is widely known as a kind of species of birds, or a typical menu that Americans mostly consume every year when Thanksgiving comes back. Having that word as a name for one country might make toddlers learning names of global nations laugh, but Turkey was known as a ‘Turkey’ since when modern Turkey was established in 1923. A century-long name ‘Turkey’ suddenly disappeared into history, because Turkey now is officially called as ‘Türkiye.’ Approval of the United Nations on June 1st, 2022 confirmed Turkey’s new name. Quite foreign, isn’t it? Changing the name of a nation scarcely appears in pages of history books, and Türkiye has just left a new bookmark to history of the world. From now on, we should now be acquainted with Türkiye’s new name. What event derived this unexpected surprise from Türkiye to come along? Since changing the name of a country is such a massive event in terms of a nation’s global image, awareness and economics, it might take years to become realized and could face controversies. But Turkey’s switch to Türkiye felt like it was done in quite a hurry. Let’s find about their true intentions behind this historical event. Korea Also Has the History of Name Change Before diving into specific Türkiye’s situation, we need to think about what changing the name of a country can deliver to a nation in terms of economics and a nation’s social status within the international society. Take our country’s name, ‘Korea’ for example. South Korea’s name originated from ‘Corea’, which was used over previous centuries and was widely known as a derivative of Core, that started life as a representative of the Goryeo Dynasty. Then passing through both the time of enlightenment and Japanese occupation, the name Corea has changed into Korea. That’s mainly because Americans often used ‘Korea’ when making reference to both nations of the Korean peninsula. Even though the name change to Korea was not our intention, the new letter ‘K’ in front of our country’s name is actively working as a symbol much later on. The highly popular K-POP and other fields that South Korea is ahead of the game are all tied as K-something to all other global populations. That made an entirely new culture to foreigners which from this moment on, when the country’s name and the letter ‘K’ are associated, most people recall South Korea inside their heads. Our country’s example clearly stresses the importance of the name of one nation, which can influence further more into a country’s status among global citizens’ awareness. Now the Name Türkiye Is Officially Confirmed Then, let’s come back to our topic, Türkiye. The previous name ‘Turkey’ meant a roasted, big chicken that is used to celebrate a holiday, and no such thing impressed others worldwide. Turkey was an English expression of the ‘land of Turkish people’, and people of Türkiye say that they have a long history of referring to their nation as Türkiye, instead of Turkey. Türkiye is mostly consisted of Turks, as statistics say they are around three-fourth of all Türkiye’s population. So basically, Türkiye means country of Turks – which is not that surprising since when you break down the word ‘Türkiye’, it is basically a combination of suffix ‘-iye’ and Turks, resulting in ‘land of Turks’ in its complete form. The entire episode shows that the process or history of the country’s name change to Türkiye is the other way around of our country. Türkiye tried to retrieve their original spirit by reverting the name how they have read ever since, throwing away the English name that foreigners had given. That is completely opposite of South Korea. Appearance of ‘Türkiye’ IsErdoğan’s Bid for Victory If you consider Türkiye’s name change as a pure intention to pursue their own identity, that would be fine. But there are some reasons why it had to happen now. To find out, we need to take a look at Türkiye’s government. The current president of Türkiye is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and he was forced into a corner because of dropping approval rate of himself and the party he belongs to. The AK Party that President Erdoğan is included in recorded over forty percent of approval rate when Erdoğan was elected four years ago in 2018, but currently it has dropped to near thirty percent. Skyrocketing prices of necessities because of inflation caused by the aftermath of COVID-19 and the Ukrainian War are making things even worse, driving Erdoğan to pull up a tactic that would flip this atmosphere. The name change to Türkiye is what Erdoğan’s government came up with. They expected that their trickery would persuade nationalists to give support back to Erdoğan’s government and drag off regular citizen’s attentions from the economic crisis. Sounds like cheating, and the cheat did not work. People of Türkiye are currently running out of time to consider political issues, because inflation graph of Türkiye is too steep for them to cope with. Most major media is reporting stagflation has arrived in their country every evening in their news, but Türkiye’s one is out of the world severe – recorded over seventy percent. Some of Türkiye’s experts and official statement from Erdoğan’s government refused the proposal made from the West of Atlantic claiming Turkish government’s espionage over their citizens to revert their commanding status, arguing that it was just an attempt to break down long-lived connection with a bird species, but who could possibly guess the real intention behind this decision? Interestingly, though, Erdoğan revived his approval rate partially because of his recent signature on memorandum of understanding that involved Sweden and Finland, instead of enthusiastic response shown from Turkish citizens derived from the name swap to Türkiye. The long-awaited entrance of Sweden and Finland into NATO gave a chance to Erdoğan to bolster his suppressive attitude toward the Kurds, which is a minority group that often spell trouble for the Turks. Swedes can no longer give support to Kurds because of this deal, and Erdoğan received a warm welcome from nationalists and Turkish extremists. So Erdoğan achieved his goal by an unexpected chance, but it is pretty certain that the name change to Türkiye did not make its mark that much. Joe Biden made a statement congratulating this agreement after this big deal was achieved, but there was a small trap that would upset Erdoğan. Instead of calling Türkiye as Türkiye, the paper from the White House stubbornly referred to them as ‘Turkey.’ This purposeful mistake quietly implied that the United States was annoyed by Erdoğan’s attempt to escape from English’s influence, but the official steps of changing the name are already done. I think this event shows that Erdoğan’s confidential operation has a long way to be established worldwide. South Korea has a long history of an intimate relationship with Türkiye. Türkiye’s support during the Korean War helped South Korea to be established and defend from the attack from the Communists. This close relationship constructed by noble sacrifices continues until today. Even after changing their name to Türkiye, we should soldier on, since it might be the time to further reinforce this friendliness thanks to Americans that are not very happy about this event. Let’s remind ourselves that Turkey is now Türkiye and call their proper name from this moment on. Because calling their real name frequently is the fundamental process in building a proper relationship. Oh, and Türkiye and us both share a history of changing our names, too. Sources: https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/89987 https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/26746L0EFO https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2022063010512035468 http://www.ggilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=921772 https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/29/middleeast/turkey-nato-erdogan-mime-intl/index.html https://cdnuploads.aa.com.tr/uploads/Contents/2022/03/21/thumbs_b_c_87105e5cc481e6aff0d88dc2a60217a8.jpg?v=125039 (Image 1) https://balkaninsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/h_57202283-scaled-e1634042137822.jpg (Image 2)

• 작성일 2022-08-31
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제 15 호 The Most Beautiful Language in the World - Sign Language

Kicker: WORLD The Most Beautiful Language in the World - Sign Language by Da-hwee Kim, Cub-reporter elfnme@naver.com International Week of Deaf People 2022 - WFD (wfdeaf.org) Do you know what day is 23rd September? It is the International Day of Sign Languages!The UN General Assembly has proclaimed 23 September as the International Day of Sign Languages in order to raise awareness of the importance of sign language in the full realization of the human rights of people who are deaf. In this article, we will find out some interesting facts about the history of sign language first. Then we will go a little bit further and dive into the story of the Korean Sign Language. Finally, we will figure out the value and the importance of it. What Is a Sign Language? Sign language is a visual language that is expressed through body movements instead of words. It relies on signals seen in the hands, eyes, facial expressions, and movements, and is primarily used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Like other spoken languages, sign language has grammar and structure rules and has evolved over time. As with spoken language, there is no "universal" sign language. Different countries usually have their own versions of sign language that are unique to regions and cultures. For example, it is different from American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) spoken in the UK. Oral languages have different dialects or intonations, but sign language has different signs and gestures. When Was the World’s First Sign Language Invented? The first to create an official sign language for the deaf was 16th-century Spanish Benedictine monk Pedro Ponce de León. Benedictine monks used them to carry messages during daily silence. Inspired by this, he applied the gestures used in monasteries to create a method for teaching deaf people to communicate. And this paved the way for systems that are now used around the world. A little later, in 1755, the French Catholic priest Charles-Michel de l'Épée devised a better way to educate the deaf. It was the founding of the National Institute for Deaf-Mutes in Paris, the first public school for deaf children. At the time, deaf students from all over France came to the institute with signs they use to communicate at home. Épee created a dictionary of symbols by applying these symbols and adding their own manual alphabets. For his achievements and the establishment of 21 schools, Épée became known as the father of the deaf. The efforts of these diverse people not only allowed the development of formal sign language, but also made all the different spoken languages accessible to people who are deaf. Current Status of Sign Language According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are more than 70 million deaf people worldwide. More than 80% of them live in developing countries. They also collectively use over 300 different sign language. Sign language is a completely natural language that is structurally distinct from spoken language. There is also a separate International Sign Language that deaf people use informally at international conferences or when traveling and socializing. It is often considered a pidgin form of sign language, which is not as complex as natural sign language and has a limited vocabulary. 수화 언어 (hankookilbo.com) The History of Korean Sign Language The establishment period of sign language can be seen as a natural expression used by the deaf while living in Korea and for communication between the deaf. Although we do not know the exact details, it is said that sign language was started as a means of communication between the deaf in Korea in 1909, when the first school for the deaf was opened in Pyongyang. Rosetta Thurwood Hall, an American Methodist female medical missionary, trained Korean Ik-min Lee and his nephew at the Chefoo, China's first school for the deaf, to establish the Pyongyang School for the Blind in 1909. This started deaf education. Although the establishment of the school for deaf students was done by Mrs. Hall, the education was considered to be run by the Korean principal Ik-min Lee and his nephew. Therefore, it is considered that the use of Korean sign language in Korea was naturally used as a means of communication between deaf children because deaf children live together to receive an education. Korean Sign Language Day This day was established to commemorate the enactment of the Korean Sign Language Language Act, and it is February 3rd every year. This is a day to commemorate the enactment of the 'Korean Sign Language Language Act', the day on which Korean sign language was recognized as the official language of the deaf which has the same qualifications as the Korean language. The related bill designating 'Korean Sign Language Day' as February 3 was proposed in September 2020, but as it was promulgated in December, the actual implementation year is from 2021. Accordingly, the week to which this day belongs is 'Korean Sign Language Week' ', and the state and local governments can hold an event to commemorate 'Korean Sign Language Day'. ‘Korean Sign Language Day’ is also a legal anniversary related to language along with ‘Hangeul Day (October 9)’ and ‘Hangeul Braille Day (November 4)’. Importance and Value For non-disabled people, it may not be easy to feel the importance of sign language in daily life. However, as mentioned before, today there are over 300 different sign languages spoken by over 72 million deaf or hard of hearing people worldwide. It can be seen that this is a fairly small number. So, we will all need to think more about the value of sign language and pay attention to it. Sources: https://www.un.org/en/observances/sign-languages-day https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/creation-of-sign-language#:~:text=The%20first%20person%20credited%20with,16th%2Dcentury%20Spanish%20Benedictine%20monk. http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0031792 https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=6478313&cid=43667&categoryId=43667 https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sign-language

• 작성일 2022-08-30
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